Tribal Welfare: Constitutional Provisions and Development
TOPIC CLASSIFICATION
Subject: Social Issues / Indian Society Sub-area: Tribal Welfare / Scheduled Tribes Prelim PYQ Trend: High (Constitutional articles, PESA, schemes) Mains Relevance: GS-1 (Society), GS-2 (Social Justice, Governance, Constitutional Provisions)
EXAMINER REASONING
Tribal welfare is a high-weightage topic. The examiner tests: (a) constitutional safeguards - Articles 342 (definition), 244 (5th/6th Schedule), 275, 338A (NCST), PESA; (b) socio-economic status - health, education, land rights, displacement; (c) schemes - Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS), Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana, TRIFED (MSP for forest produce), PM-JANMAN; (d) issues - naxalism, forest rights (FRA 2006), cultural preservation, displacement for development. Expect questions linking tribal welfare to land rights, constitutional protection, and sustainable development.
Core Concept
Constitutional Framework:
| Provision | Article/Schedule | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Definition of ST | Article 342(1) | President notifies ST list; modification only by Parliament |
| Administration of Scheduled Areas | 5th Schedule (Central India) | Governor's report; Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) |
| Tribal Areas in NE | 6th Schedule (Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura) | Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) - legislative, judicial, executive powers |
| Reservation | Article 15(4), 16(4), 330, 332 | ST reservation in education, jobs, Lok Sabha/Assembly |
| ... |
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