Space Applications: Remote Sensing, Navigation, and Communication
Introduction
Space technology has become an integral part of modern life, with applications spanning communications, weather forecasting, disaster management, agriculture, defence, and navigation. India's space programme, led by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has achieved global recognition for its cost-effective missions and self-reliance. The three primary domains of space applications are remote sensing, satellite navigation, and satellite communication.
Remote Sensing
Principles of Remote Sensing
Remote sensing involves capturing data about Earth's surface using sensors aboard satellites, without physical contact. Sensors detect reflected or emitted electromagnetic radiation across visible, infrared, and microwave wavelengths.
Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Programme
- Launch: Started with IRS-1A (1988).
- Management: National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad.
- Series: Resourcesat, Cartosat, Oceansat, RISAT, INSAT (meteorological).
| Satellite Series | Sensor Type | Resolution | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resourcesat | Multispectral | 5.8-56 m | Agriculture, land use |
| Cartosat | Panchromatic | 0.25-1 m | Cartography, urban planning |
| Oceansat | Ocean colour | 350 m-1 km | Oceanography, fisheries |
| RISAT | C-band SAR |
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