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Old Age Pension and Social Security for Elderly
July 19, 20266 min read
Old Age Pension and Social Security for Elderly
Introduction
India's elderly population (60 years+) is projected to grow from 104 million (2011) to 319 million (2050) - a threefold increase. The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) and contributory pension schemes (Atal Pension Yojana, NPS) form the backbone of old age social security. Yet, coverage, adequacy, and implementation gaps remain significant. This note examines the policy framework, schemes, and challenges in ensuring dignified ageing for all.
Demographic Context
Ageing in India
| Indicator | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Elderly population (60+) | 138 million (2021) | Census projections |
| Percentage of total | 10.1% (2021), projected 19.5% (2050) | UN Population Division |
| Dependency ratio | 14.2% (2011), projected 20% (2031) | NSSO (2018) |
| Life expectancy at 60 | 18.4 years (men), 19.5 years (women) | SRS 2014-18 |
| Poverty among elderly | ~30% | NSSO (2018) |
| Work participation (60+) | ~40% (mostly informal sector) | PLFS 2020-21 |
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