India-Myanmar Relations: Border, Connectivity, and Insurgency

TOPIC CLASSIFICATION

Subject: International Relations - Neighbourhood Policy - Bilateral Relations
Sub-topic: India-Myanmar Relations - Historical Ties (Cultural, Buddhist Links), Geostrategic Importance (India's Look East/Act East Policy - Land Bridge to ASEAN), Border Management (1,643 km Border - Free Movement Regime - Border Fencing), Connectivity (India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway, Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project), Insurgency in Northeast India (Links with Myanmar-based Insurgent Groups - NSCN-IM, ULFA, PLA, KYKL), Myanmar's Internal Conflict (Civil War - 2021 Coup - Junta vs PDP/PDF - EAOs), India's Myanmar Policy (Non-Interference vs Strategic Concerns), Trade and Energy (ONGC in Myanmar - Sittwe Port - Kaladan), Cooperation in Southeast Asia (ASEAN, BIMSTEC, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation), Rohingya Crisis and Implications for India
Mains GS Paper-II: International Relations - India's neighbourhood policy - bilateral relations with Myanmar - border management, connectivity, and insurgency.

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EXAMINER REASONING

Myanmar is India's gateway to ASEAN and a critical neighbour for Northeast India's security and development. Prelims tests: India-Myanmar border length (1,643 km - shares borders with Arunachal, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram), Free Movement Regime (FMR - suspended 2024), India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway (IMT), Kaladan Multi-Modal Project, Act East Policy, NSCN-IM, ULFA-I, PLA, KYKL, Myanmar coup (Feb 2021), BIMSTEC, Sittwe Port, Zorotiang border crossing....