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Cyclones: Tropical and Temperate - Formation and Impact
July 19, 20265 min read
Cyclones: Tropical and Temperate - Formation and Impact
Introduction
Cyclones are large-scale atmospheric circulation systems characterized by low-pressure centres and rotating winds. They are classified as tropical cyclones (formed over warm tropical oceans) and temperate/extratropical cyclones (formed in mid-latitudes along fronts). Both types significantly influence weather and can cause devastating impacts.
Tropical Cyclones
Definition and Characteristics
- Intense low-pressure system over warm tropical/subtropical oceans
- Diameter: 100-2,000 km
- Wind speed: Up to 300+ km/h
- Central pressure: 900-990 mb (extremely low)
- Structure:
- Eye: Clear, calm, low-pressure centre (~30-60 km)
- Eyewall: Ring of intense thunderstorms (highest winds and rainfall)
- Rainbands: Spiral bands of convection extending outward
Naming by Region
| Region | Name | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| North Atlantic | Hurricane | Hurricane Katrina |
| NW Pacific | Typhoon | Typhoon Haiyan |
| Indian Ocean / Bay of Bengal | Cyclone | Cyclone Amphan, Cyclone Fani |
| SW Pacific / Australia | Cyclone/Willy-Willy | Cyclone Debbie |
Conditions for Formation
- Sea surface temperature > 27°C (deep warm layer to 60m)
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