Climate Diplomacy: India's Role in COP Summits
TOPIC CLASSIFICATION
Subject: International Relations | Topic: Climate Diplomacy Sub-topic: India at COP Summits, Paris Agreement, NDCs, Net-Zero 2070, Climate Justice Prelims Focus: COP meetings, Paris Agreement (2015), India's NDCs, Glasgow 2021 (Panchamrit), L&D Fund, CBDR-RC Mains Focus: India's climate leadership, equity vs ambition, climate finance gap, just transition, G20-CLP synergy
EXAMINER REASONING
India's climate diplomacy has evolved from defensive to assertive leadership. UPSC Prelims tests India's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Panchamrit (5 nectar) targets at COP26, and key COP outcomes. Mains questions focus on climate justice, the tension between development and emission cuts, and India's role as voice of the Global South.
Core Concept
Climate diplomacy refers to the efforts of nations to negotiate, implement, and enforce international agreements on climate change under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Key COP Milestones and India's Role
| COP | Year | Outcome | India's Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| COP21 (Paris) | 2015 | Paris Agreement - 2°C target (pursue 1.5°C); NDCs; 5-year review | India pressed for equity, CBDR-RC; INDC submitted (33% emission intensity reduction by 2030) |
| COP26 (Glasgow) | 2021 | Glasgow Pact; Phase-down of coal (not phase-out); L&D dialogue | ... |
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