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Biosphere Reserves: Structure and India's Reserves
July 19, 20265 min read
Biosphere Reserves: Structure and India's Reserves
Introduction
Biosphere Reserves are internationally recognized areas designated under UNESCO's Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme to promote sustainable development through conservation of biodiversity and ecological integrity. Unlike national parks or wildlife sanctuaries that focus purely on protection, biosphere reserves integrate conservation with sustainable human use. India has 18 biosphere reserves, of which 12 are part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR).
Concept and Origin
UNESCO Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme
- Launched in 1971 by UNESCO
- Objective: Improve relationship between humans and their environment
- Seville Strategy (1995): Established international guidelines for biosphere reserves
- Madrid Action Plan (2008-2013): Strengthened regional networks
- Core idea: Reconciliation of biodiversity conservation with sustainable development
Three Core Functions
- Conservation: Protect genetic resources, species, and ecosystems
- Development: Foster sustainable economic and human development
- Logistic Support: Support research, monitoring, education, and training
Zonation Structure
Every biosphere reserve follows a three-tier zonation:
| Zone | Description | Permitted Activities |
|---|---|---|
| Core Zone | Legally protected, strictly undisturbed ecosystem | Only research and monitoring; no human intervention |
| Buffer Zone | Surrounds core; limited human... |
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